Discovery and characterization of the evolution, variation and functions of diversity-generating retroelements using thousands of genomes and metagenomes.
Diversity-generating retroelements (DGRs) are a novel household of retroelements that generate sequence range of DNA to profit their hosts by introducing variations and accelerating the evolution of goal proteins. They exist extensively in micro organism, archaea, phage and plasmid.
However, our understanding about DGRs in pure environments was nonetheless very restricted.We developed an environment friendly computational algorithm to determine DGRs, and utilized it to characterize DGRs in additional than 80,000 sequenced bacterial genomes in addition to greater than 4,000 human metagenome datasets.
In whole, we recognized 948 non-redundant DGRs, which expanded the quantity of identified DGRs in bacterial genomes and human microbiomes by about 55%, and supplied a way more complete reference for the examine of DGRs. Phylogenetic evaluation was achieved for recognized DGRs.
Discovery and characterization of the evolution, variation and functions of diversity-generating retroelements using thousands of genomes and metagenomes.
The putative goal genes of DGRs have been searched, and the functions of these goal genes have been investigated with a complete alignment towards the nr database.DGR system is a robust and common mechanism to generate range. DGR evolution is carefully related to the dwelling atmosphere and their cassette buildings. Furthermore, it might influence a variety of useful processes along with receptor-binding. These outcomes considerably improved our understanding about DGRs.
Description: Diclofenac Sodium is a non-selective COX inhibitor with IC50 of 60 and 220 nM for ovine COX-1 and -2, respectively.Diclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. Diclofenac sodium (Dc), an anti-inflam
Description: Diclofenac Sodium is a non-selective COX inhibitor with IC50 of 60 and 220 nM for ovine COX-1 and -2, respectively.Diclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. Diclofenac sodium (Dc), an anti-inflam
Description: Diclofenac Sodium is a non-selective COX inhibitor with IC50 of 60 and 220 nM for ovine COX-1 and -2, respectively.Diclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. Diclofenac sodium (Dc), an anti-inflam
Description: Diclofenac Sodium is a non-selective COX inhibitor with IC50 of 60 and 220 nM for ovine COX-1 and -2, respectively.Diclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. Diclofenac sodium (Dc), an anti-inflam
Description: Diclofenac diethylamine is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug taken to reduce inflammation and as an analgesic reducing pain in certain conditions.
Description: Diclofenac diethylamine is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug taken to reduce inflammation and as an analgesic reducing pain in certain conditions.
Description: Diclofenac diethylamine is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug taken to reduce inflammation and as an analgesic reducing pain in certain conditions.
Description: Diclofenac potassium is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug taken to reduce inflammation and as an analgesic reducing pain in certain conditions.
Description: Diclofenac potassium is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug taken to reduce inflammation and as an analgesic reducing pain in certain conditions.
Description: Diclofenac potassium is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug taken to reduce inflammation and as an analgesic reducing pain in certain conditions.
Description: Zoledronic acid, one of the most potent nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates, induces anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects on multiple myeloma cell lines in vitro by activating protein kinase C. Zoledronic acid also inhibits proliferation of human foet
Description: Zoledronic acid, one of the most potent nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates, induces anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects on multiple myeloma cell lines in vitro by activating protein kinase C. Zoledronic acid also inhibits proliferation of human foet
Description: Zoledronic acid, one of the most potent nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates, induces anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects on multiple myeloma cell lines in vitro by activating protein kinase C. Zoledronic acid also inhibits proliferation of human foet
Description: Antibiotic [1]. Shows antiviral, antifungal and antitumor properties [1, 2]. Immunosuppressive drug used to prevent rejection in organ transplantation, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriasis [3-6, 13]. Potent reversible inhibitor of inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), leading to depletion of GMP and interruption of the de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides necessary for B and T lymphocyte proliferation [7, 8]. Inhibits the type II IMPDH isoform (IMPDH-2) 5-fold more potently compared to type I isoform [11]. Inhibits RNA and DNA synthesis [13]. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS/NOS II) inhibitor [8, 10]. Apoptosis and necrosis inducer [9, 12]. Novel type of inhibitor against RNA guanylyltransferases [14]. Inhibits TNF-α-stimulated MAPK/NF-κB and ROS generation [15]. Autophagy suppressor. Broad-spectrum antiviral compound with inhibitory activity against different coronavirus, including SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, cause of COVID-19. It binds to the active site of SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PLpro) possibly inhibiting viral replication.
Description: Betulinic acid is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that displays anti-HIV and antitumor activity. Betulinic acid selectively induces apoptosis in tumor cells by directly activating the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis through a p53- and CD95-independent mechanism.
Description: Betulinic acid is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that displays anti-HIV and antitumor activity. Betulinic acid selectively induces apoptosis in tumor cells by directly activating the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis through a p53- and CD95-independent mechanism.
Description: Betulinic acid is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that displays anti-HIV and antitumor activity. Betulinic acid selectively induces apoptosis in tumor cells by directly activating the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis through a p53- and CD95-independent mechanism.
Description: Betulinic acid is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that displays anti-HIV and antitumor activity. Betulinic acid selectively induces apoptosis in tumor cells by directly activating the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis through a p53- and CD95-independent mechanism.
Description: Gambogic acid (GA) is an inducer of apoptosis with EC50 value of 0.78-1.64 ?M for caspases and with IC50 values of 1.47, 1.21, 2.02, 0.66, 1.06 and 0.79 ?M for Bcl-XL, Bcl-2, Bcl-W, Bcl-B, Bfl-1 and Mcl-1, respectively.
Description: Gambogic acid (GA) is an inducer of apoptosis with EC50 value of 0.78-1.64 ?M for caspases and with IC50 values of 1.47, 1.21, 2.02, 0.66, 1.06 and 0.79 ?M for Bcl-XL, Bcl-2, Bcl-W, Bcl-B, Bfl-1 and Mcl-1, respectively.
Description: Gambogic acid (GA) is an inducer of apoptosis with EC50 value of 0.78-1.64 ?M for caspases and with IC50 values of 1.47, 1.21, 2.02, 0.66, 1.06 and 0.79 ?M for Bcl-XL, Bcl-2, Bcl-W, Bcl-B, Bfl-1 and Mcl-1, respectively.
Description: Gambogic acid (GA) is an inducer of apoptosis with EC50 value of 0.78-1.64 ?M for caspases and with IC50 values of 1.47, 1.21, 2.02, 0.66, 1.06 and 0.79 ?M for Bcl-XL, Bcl-2, Bcl-W, Bcl-B, Bfl-1 and Mcl-1, respectively.
Description: IC50: Noncompetitively inhibit histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity in prostate cancer with an IC50 value of about 5.0 M.Anacardic acid (AA) is commonly regarded as a non-specific HAT inhibitor of p300.
Description: IC50: Noncompetitively inhibit histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity in prostate cancer with an IC50 value of about 5.0 M.Anacardic acid (AA) is commonly regarded as a non-specific HAT inhibitor of p300.
Description: IC50: Noncompetitively inhibit histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity in prostate cancer with an IC50 value of about 5.0 M.Anacardic acid (AA) is commonly regarded as a non-specific HAT inhibitor of p300.
Description: Okadaic acid is a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1/2A with IC50 values of 19 nM and 0.2 nM for protein phosphatase 1 and protein phosphatase 2A, respectively [1].
Description: Okadaic acid is a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1/2A with IC50 values of 19 nM and 0.2 nM for protein phosphatase 1 and protein phosphatase 2A, respectively [1].
Description: Description: IC50 Value: N/A Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is a natural phenolic compound isolated from the creosote bush Larrea divaricata, which has anti-tumor activities both in vitro and in vivo.
Description: Description: IC50 Value: N/A Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is a natural phenolic compound isolated from the creosote bush Larrea divaricata, which has anti-tumor activities both in vitro and in vivo.
Description: Oseltamivir is an inhibitor of influenza neuraminidase [1].Oseltamivir is a prodrug that is converted by intestinal and/or hepatic esterases to the neuraminidase inhibitor molecule, oseltamivir carboxylate.
Description: Oseltamivir is an inhibitor of influenza neuraminidase [1].Oseltamivir is a prodrug that is converted by intestinal and/or hepatic esterases to the neuraminidase inhibitor molecule, oseltamivir carboxylate.
Description: Oseltamivir is an inhibitor of influenza neuraminidase [1].Oseltamivir is a prodrug that is converted by intestinal and/or hepatic esterases to the neuraminidase inhibitor molecule, oseltamivir carboxylate.
Description: Suberohydroxamic Acid (Suberoyl bis-hydroxamic acid, SBHA) is an inhibitor of HDAC with ID50 values of 0.25 and 0.30 ?M for HDAC1 and HDAC3, respectively [1].
Description: Suberohydroxamic Acid (Suberoyl bis-hydroxamic acid, SBHA) is an inhibitor of HDAC with ID50 values of 0.25 and 0.30 ?M for HDAC1 and HDAC3, respectively [1].
Description: Suberohydroxamic Acid (Suberoyl bis-hydroxamic acid, SBHA) is an inhibitor of HDAC with ID50 values of 0.25 and 0.30 ?M for HDAC1 and HDAC3, respectively [1].
Description: IC50: 4.3 ?M for dopamine uptakeOxolinic acid is a quinolone antibiotic inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase.DNA gyrase, an enzyme within the class of topoisomerase, relieves strain while double-stranded DNA is being unwound by helicase.
Description: IC50: 4.3 ?M for dopamine uptakeOxolinic acid is a quinolone antibiotic inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase.DNA gyrase, an enzyme within the class of topoisomerase, relieves strain while double-stranded DNA is being unwound by helicase.
Description: IC50: 4.3 ?M for dopamine uptakeOxolinic acid is a quinolone antibiotic inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase.DNA gyrase, an enzyme within the class of topoisomerase, relieves strain while double-stranded DNA is being unwound by helicase.
Description: Lauric acid, a saturated medium-chain fatty acid with a 12-carbon backbone, is naturally found in various plant and animal fats and oils, which is a major component of palm kernel oil and coconut oil.
