Discovery and characterization of the evolution, variation and functions of diversity-generating retroelements using thousands of genomes and metagenomes.
Diversity-generating retroelements (DGRs) are a novel household of retroelements that generate sequence range of DNA to profit their hosts by introducing variations and accelerating the evolution of goal proteins. They exist extensively in micro organism, archaea, phage and plasmid.
However, our understanding about DGRs in pure environments was nonetheless very restricted.We developed an environment friendly computational algorithm to determine DGRs, and utilized it to characterize DGRs in additional than 80,000 sequenced bacterial genomes in addition to greater than 4,000 human metagenome datasets.
In whole, we recognized 948 non-redundant DGRs, which expanded the quantity of identified DGRs in bacterial genomes and human microbiomes by about 55%, and supplied a way more complete reference for the examine of DGRs. Phylogenetic evaluation was achieved for recognized DGRs.
Discovery and characterization of the evolution, variation and functions of diversity-generating retroelements using thousands of genomes and metagenomes.
The putative goal genes of DGRs have been searched, and the functions of these goal genes have been investigated with a complete alignment towards the nr database.DGR system is a robust and common mechanism to generate range. DGR evolution is carefully related to the dwelling atmosphere and their cassette buildings. Furthermore, it might influence a variety of useful processes along with receptor-binding. These outcomes considerably improved our understanding about DGRs.
Description: Diclofenac diethylamine is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug taken to reduce inflammation and as an analgesic reducing pain in certain conditions.
Description: Diclofenac diethylamine is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug taken to reduce inflammation and as an analgesic reducing pain in certain conditions.
Description: Diclofenac diethylamine is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug taken to reduce inflammation and as an analgesic reducing pain in certain conditions.
Description: Diclofenac potassium is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug taken to reduce inflammation and as an analgesic reducing pain in certain conditions.
Description: Diclofenac potassium is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug taken to reduce inflammation and as an analgesic reducing pain in certain conditions.
Description: Diclofenac potassium is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug taken to reduce inflammation and as an analgesic reducing pain in certain conditions.
Description: Diclofenac Sodium is a non-selective COX inhibitor with IC50 of 60 and 220 nM for ovine COX-1 and -2, respectively.Diclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. Diclofenac sodium (Dc), an anti-inflam
Description: Diclofenac Sodium is a non-selective COX inhibitor with IC50 of 60 and 220 nM for ovine COX-1 and -2, respectively.Diclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. Diclofenac sodium (Dc), an anti-inflam
Description: Diclofenac Sodium is a non-selective COX inhibitor with IC50 of 60 and 220 nM for ovine COX-1 and -2, respectively.Diclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. Diclofenac sodium (Dc), an anti-inflam
Description: Diclofenac Sodium is a non-selective COX inhibitor with IC50 of 60 and 220 nM for ovine COX-1 and -2, respectively.Diclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. Diclofenac sodium (Dc), an anti-inflam
Description: IC50: 10 ?M for ET-1 binding to the ETA receptor ofA10 cellsAsterric Acid is an ETA receptor inhibitor. Endothelin (ET), a potent vasoconstrictor/pressor peptide consisting of 21 amino acid residues, was first isolated from the cultures of porcine aortic endothelial cells.
Description: IC50: 10 ?M for ET-1 binding to the ETA receptor ofA10 cellsAsterric Acid is an ETA receptor inhibitor. Endothelin (ET), a potent vasoconstrictor/pressor peptide consisting of 21 amino acid residues, was first isolated from the cultures of porcine aortic endothelial cells.
Description: Maslinic acid is a pentacyclic triterpene existed in the protective wax-like coating of the leaves and fruit of Olea europaea L [1]. Maslinic acid is an inhibitor of NO, H2O2, IL-6 and TNF-?.
Description: Maslinic acid is a pentacyclic triterpene existed in the protective wax-like coating of the leaves and fruit of Olea europaea L [1]. Maslinic acid is an inhibitor of NO, H2O2, IL-6 and TNF-?.
Description: Maslinic acid is a pentacyclic triterpene existed in the protective wax-like coating of the leaves and fruit of Olea europaea L [1]. Maslinic acid is an inhibitor of NO, H2O2, IL-6 and TNF-?.
Description: Fusaric acid is a mycotoxin produced by several species of Fusarium [1]. Mycotoxins are biologically active secondary fungal metabolites found as contaminants of food- and feedstuff. Mycotoxin is capable of causing disease and death in both humans and animals.
Description: Fusaric acid is a mycotoxin produced by several species of Fusarium [1]. Mycotoxins are biologically active secondary fungal metabolites found as contaminants of food- and feedstuff. Mycotoxin is capable of causing disease and death in both humans and animals.
Description: Km: 5 microM for CYP 2C9 catalyzing 5-hydroxylation of tienilic acid Tienilic acid is a specific suicide substrate for CYP2C9 and CYP2C10.Cytochrome P450 enzymes function to metabolize both endogenous and exogenous xenobiotics.
Description: Km: 5 microM for CYP 2C9 catalyzing 5-hydroxylation of tienilic acid Tienilic acid is a specific suicide substrate for CYP2C9 and CYP2C10.Cytochrome P450 enzymes function to metabolize both endogenous and exogenous xenobiotics.
Description: Km: 5 microM for CYP 2C9 catalyzing 5-hydroxylation of tienilic acid Tienilic acid is a specific suicide substrate for CYP2C9 and CYP2C10.Cytochrome P450 enzymes function to metabolize both endogenous and exogenous xenobiotics.
Description: Km: 5 microM for CYP 2C9 catalyzing 5-hydroxylation of tienilic acid Tienilic acid is a specific suicide substrate for CYP2C9 and CYP2C10.Cytochrome P450 enzymes function to metabolize both endogenous and exogenous xenobiotics.
Description: Eicosatetraynoic Acid is nonspecific inhibitor of cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases [1]. Cyclooxygenase (COX) is the key enzyme required for the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins.
Description: Eicosatetraynoic Acid is nonspecific inhibitor of cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases [1]. Cyclooxygenase (COX) is the key enzyme required for the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins.
Description: Eicosatetraynoic Acid is nonspecific inhibitor of cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases [1]. Cyclooxygenase (COX) is the key enzyme required for the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins.
Description: Gamma-linolenic acid is a weak Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor antagonist.Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), an omega-6 fatty acid, is an essential fatty acid necessary for human health. You have to get them through food.
Description: Gamma-linolenic acid is a weak Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor antagonist.Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), an omega-6 fatty acid, is an essential fatty acid necessary for human health. You have to get them through food.
Description: Evernic Acid is an inhibitor of two key plasmodial FAS-II enzymes PfFabZ and PfFabIThe Type II fatty acid synthase (FAS) system catalysed fatty acid biosynthesis in most bacteria.
Description: Evernic Acid is an inhibitor of two key plasmodial FAS-II enzymes PfFabZ and PfFabIThe Type II fatty acid synthase (FAS) system catalysed fatty acid biosynthesis in most bacteria.
Description: Evernic Acid is an inhibitor of two key plasmodial FAS-II enzymes PfFabZ and PfFabIThe Type II fatty acid synthase (FAS) system catalysed fatty acid biosynthesis in most bacteria.
Description: Tranexamic acid (Transamin) is an antifibrinolytic for blocking lysine-binding sites of plasmin and elastase-derived plasminogen fragments with IC50 of 5 mM.
Description: Tranexamic acid (Transamin) is an antifibrinolytic for blocking lysine-binding sites of plasmin and elastase-derived plasminogen fragments with IC50 of 5 mM.
Description: Tranexamic acid (Transamin) is an antifibrinolytic for blocking lysine-binding sites of plasmin and elastase-derived plasminogen fragments with IC50 of 5 mM.
Description: Tranexamic acid (Transamin) is an antifibrinolytic for blocking lysine-binding sites of plasmin and elastase-derived plasminogen fragments with IC50 of 5 mM.
Description: Chenodeoxycholic Acid (CDCA), is a hydrophobic primary bile acid that activates nuclear receptors(FXR) involved in cholesterol metabolism.
Description: Chenodeoxycholic Acid (CDCA), is a hydrophobic primary bile acid that activates nuclear receptors(FXR) involved in cholesterol metabolism.
Description: Chenodeoxycholic Acid (CDCA), is a hydrophobic primary bile acid that activates nuclear receptors(FXR) involved in cholesterol metabolism.
Description: Chenodeoxycholic Acid (CDCA), is a hydrophobic primary bile acid that activates nuclear receptors(FXR) involved in cholesterol metabolism.
Description: Suberohydroxamic Acid (Suberoyl bis-hydroxamic acid, SBHA) is an inhibitor of HDAC with ID50 values of 0.25 and 0.30 ?M for HDAC1 and HDAC3, respectively [1].
Description: Suberohydroxamic Acid (Suberoyl bis-hydroxamic acid, SBHA) is an inhibitor of HDAC with ID50 values of 0.25 and 0.30 ?M for HDAC1 and HDAC3, respectively [1].
Description: Suberohydroxamic Acid (Suberoyl bis-hydroxamic acid, SBHA) is an inhibitor of HDAC with ID50 values of 0.25 and 0.30 ?M for HDAC1 and HDAC3, respectively [1].
Description: IC50: 4.3 ?M for dopamine uptakeOxolinic acid is a quinolone antibiotic inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase.DNA gyrase, an enzyme within the class of topoisomerase, relieves strain while double-stranded DNA is being unwound by helicase.
Description: IC50: 4.3 ?M for dopamine uptakeOxolinic acid is a quinolone antibiotic inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase.DNA gyrase, an enzyme within the class of topoisomerase, relieves strain while double-stranded DNA is being unwound by helicase.
Description: IC50: 4.3 ?M for dopamine uptakeOxolinic acid is a quinolone antibiotic inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase.DNA gyrase, an enzyme within the class of topoisomerase, relieves strain while double-stranded DNA is being unwound by helicase.
Description: Lauric acid, a saturated medium-chain fatty acid with a 12-carbon backbone, is naturally found in various plant and animal fats and oils, which is a major component of palm kernel oil and coconut oil.
Description: IC50: about 100 ?M for binding of GST-BtkPH to PKC, about 30 ?M for association of Btk with PKCbII, about 10 ?M for JNK1 activity, and about 7 ?M for TNF-a and about 3 ?M for IL-2.
Description: Valproic acid is an inhibitor of HDAC1 with IC50 value of 0.4mM [1].Valproic acid (VPA) is a branched short-chain fatty acid. It is previously synthesized and used as an inert solvent of organic compounds.
Description: Valproic acid is an inhibitor of HDAC1 with IC50 value of 0.4mM [1].Valproic acid (VPA) is a branched short-chain fatty acid. It is previously synthesized and used as an inert solvent of organic compounds.
Description: Valproic acid is an inhibitor of HDAC1 with IC50 value of 0.4mM [1].Valproic acid (VPA) is a branched short-chain fatty acid. It is previously synthesized and used as an inert solvent of organic compounds.
Description: Mefenamic acid is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, which is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.Mefenamic acid is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to treat pain, including menstrual pain. It is typically prescribed for oral administration. M
Description: Mefenamic acid is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, which is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.Mefenamic acid is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to treat pain, including menstrual pain. It is typically prescribed for oral administration. M
Description: Mefenamic acid is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, which is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.Mefenamic acid is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to treat pain, including menstrual pain. It is typically prescribed for oral administration. M
Description: Tolfenamic acid (TA) is one of the class of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).Tolfenamic acid is a NSAID. Tolfenamic acid treatment inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis as measured by caspase activity and bioelectric impedance. Tolfena
Description: Tolfenamic acid (TA) is one of the class of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).Tolfenamic acid is a NSAID. Tolfenamic acid treatment inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis as measured by caspase activity and bioelectric impedance. Tolfena
Description: Tolfenamic acid (TA) is one of the class of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).Tolfenamic acid is a NSAID. Tolfenamic acid treatment inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis as measured by caspase activity and bioelectric impedance. Tolfena
Description: Niflumic acid, a Ca2+-activated Cl- channel blocker, is an analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.Niflumic acid, an inhibitor of calcium-activated chloride currents. Niflumic acid does not block directly calciu
Description: Niflumic acid, a Ca2+-activated Cl- channel blocker, is an analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.Niflumic acid, an inhibitor of calcium-activated chloride currents. Niflumic acid does not block directly calciu
Description: Niflumic acid, a Ca2+-activated Cl- channel blocker, is an analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.Niflumic acid, an inhibitor of calcium-activated chloride currents. Niflumic acid does not block directly calciu
Description: Obeticholic Acid (6alpha-ethyl-chenodeoxycholic acid, 6-ECDCA, INT-747) is a potent and selective agonist of FXR with EC50 value of 99 nM [1].
Description: Obeticholic Acid (6alpha-ethyl-chenodeoxycholic acid, 6-ECDCA, INT-747) is a potent and selective agonist of FXR with EC50 value of 99 nM [1].
Description: Obeticholic Acid (6alpha-ethyl-chenodeoxycholic acid, 6-ECDCA, INT-747) is a potent and selective agonist of FXR with EC50 value of 99 nM [1].
Description: Obeticholic Acid (6alpha-ethyl-chenodeoxycholic acid, 6-ECDCA, INT-747) is a potent and selective agonist of FXR with EC50 value of 99 nM [1].
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